indian history :: essays research papers

Chapter 6 Indian Removal Policy -- White settlers believed that Indians stood in the way of their progress -- 1820's Isaac McCoy, Baptist minister, believed that Indians would like to live in Kansas present idea to Sec. Of War Calhoun -- William Clark, Superintendent of Indian Affairs negotiated treaties (agreements) with the Kansa and Osage Indians n to insure move of Indians Congress passes the Indian Removal Act of 1830 n promised the land in Oklahoma for â€Å"as long as the grass grows and the rivers run† n which was until 1906 n Trail of tears -- forced marches to insure move of Indians n Five civilized tribes n Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, Cherokee, Seminole n Cherokee adopt republican form of gov’t. John Ross Cherokee leader n Have written language (Sequoya) n Take U.S. to court to keep lands n Cherokee Nation v. Georgia n Chief Justice John Marshall rule in favor of the Indians n President Andrew Jackson â€Å" He’s made his decision, now let’s see him enforce it† n First group of 3000 began in summer of 1838 n 12,000 waited in prison camps and traveled during the winter of 1838-1839 forced there by 7000 U.S. Troops n one third to one fourth died on the trail 3000 to 4000 deaths n Conducted using U.S. Troops n n between 1825 and 1850, 25 tribes of Indians were removed or forced to move by settlers, and cavalry n 70,000 Indians give up their homes Cherokee Indians of Georgia Shawnee and Delaware Indians of Missouri -- Also Ottawa, Sac, Fox, Kickapoo, Miami, New York, and Quapaw -- Indians did not like the climate or environment of Kansas Settlers and Governmental officials cheated the Indians out of blankets, food, clothing, and shelter Resale to whites or pocket money -- Indians fought among themselves and took advantage of each other Missionaries from different tribes tried to "civilize" the Indians -- teach them the white mans way and to abandon their own way of life Osage Mission tried to teach Christianity to the Indians â€Å"Mission Neosho† the first Indian mission in Kansas even before Indian Removal Act 1824 1831 -- Shawnee Baptist Mission was started by Johnston Lykins Jotham Meeker brought the first printing press to Kansas Prints the first book in Kansas Ottawa Indian Laws Ottawa University develop later at mission -- Started Shawnee Sun (Siwinowe Kesibwi) a newspaper -- moved to Ottawa Indians near Franklin County Printing hymnals, scriptures, and newspaper 1832 -- Shawnee Methodist Mission in Wyandotte County (1839) moved to Johnson County Run by Thomas Johnson until it closed in 1862 Johnson County Organized in 1855. County seat, Olathe. Named for Rev. Thomas Johnson, a Methodist minister, who in 1829 established a mission among the Shawnee Indians, about eight miles southwest of Kansas City.